雅思寫作11/10

 

example resulted from chatgpt

The line graph illustrates the monthly sales of four bakery products—baked bread, croissants, cupcakes, and biscuits—at a bakery shop in 2022.

Overall, the sales figures for these products ranged between 30,000 and 80,000 dollars throughout the year. While biscuits showed a gradual decline, croissants experienced a steady increase. In contrast, the sales of cupcakes and baked bread remained relatively stable over the same period.

In more detail, biscuits started as the second most popular product in January, with sales of around 60,000 dollars. However, their sales continued to fall gradually and ended the year at approximately 40,000 dollars, the lowest among the four items. Conversely, croissant sales rose consistently each month, doubling from about 40,000 in January to nearly 80,000 in December, making it the top-selling product at the end of the year.

Both cupcakes and baked bread maintained stable sales trends, though at different levels. Cupcakes consistently achieved the highest figures throughout most of the year, averaging around 80,000 dollars, while baked bread stayed close to 40,000. The gap between the two remained roughly 40,000 dollars during 2022.

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原人論-斥迷執第一

 

斥迷執第一(習儒道者)

儒道二教說人畜等類，皆是虛無大道生成養育。謂道法自然生於元氣，元氣生天地，天地生萬物，故愚智貴賤貧富苦樂，皆稟於天，由於時命；故死後却歸天地，復其虛無。然外教宗旨，但在乎依身立行，不在究竟身之元由。所說萬物不論象外，雖指大道為本，而不備明順逆起滅染淨因緣，故習者不知是權，執之為了。今略舉而詰之。所言萬物皆從虛無大道而生者，大道即是生死賢愚之本，吉凶禍福之基。基本既其常存，則禍亂凶愚不可除也，福慶賢善不可益也，何用老莊之教耶？又道育虎狼、胎桀紂，夭顏冉、禍夷齊，何名尊乎？又言萬物皆是自然生化非因緣者，則一切無因緣處悉應生化，謂石應生草，草或生人，人生畜等。又應生無前後，起無早晚，神仙不藉丹藥，太平不藉賢良，仁義不藉教習，老莊周孔何用立教為軌則乎？又言皆從元氣而生成者，則歘生之神未曾習慮，豈得嬰孩便能愛惡驕恣焉？若言歘有自然便能隨念愛惡等者，則五德六藝悉能隨念而解，何待因緣學習而成？又若生是稟氣而歘有，死是氣散而歘無，則誰為鬼神乎？且世有鑒達前生追憶往事，則知生前相續，非稟氣而歘有；又驗鬼神靈知不斷，則知死後非氣散而歘無。故祭祀求禱，典藉有文，況死而蘇者說幽途事，或死後感動妻子讎報怨恩，今古皆有耶？外難曰：「若人死為鬼，則古來之鬼填塞巷路，合有見者。如何不爾？」答曰：「人死六道，不必皆為鬼，鬼死復為人等，豈古來積鬼常存耶？」且天地之氣本無知也，人稟無知之氣，安得歘起而有知乎？草木亦皆稟氣，何不知乎？又言貧富貴賤賢愚善惡吉凶禍福皆由天命者，則天之賦命奚有貧多富少、賤多貴少，乃至禍多福少？苟多少之分在天，天何不平乎？況有無行而貴、守行而賤，無德而富、有德而貧，逆吉義凶、仁夭暴壽，乃至有道者喪、無道者興？既皆由天，天乃興不道而喪道？何有福善益謙之賞，禍淫害盈之罰焉？又既禍亂反逆皆由天命，則聖人設教，責人不責天，罪物不罪命，是不當也！然則《詩》刺亂政，《書》讚王道，《禮》稱安上，《樂》號移風，豈是奉上天之意，順造化之心乎？是知專此教者，未能原人。

 

《斥迷執第一（習儒道者）》白話譯文

儒家與道家所說的「人與萬物」，都認為是由「虛無大道」所生，並由它所養育。他們主張：「道」是自然的本體，生出元氣；元氣又生出天地；天地再生出萬物。因此，愚與智、貴與賤、貧與富、苦與樂，通通是「天命所賦」，由時運而定。人死之後，則「形歸於地、氣歸於天」，回到虛無之中。但這種「外教」（指儒、道）雖說有關人生與萬物的原理，其宗旨只著重在「如何依身立行」（即修身立德），卻不追究「這身體與生命的根本由來」。他們雖說「萬物本於大道」，卻沒有明確說出萬物生滅、善惡、染淨、順逆的真正因緣。因此，學這兩家之道的人，往往不知這只是「權教（方便之教）」，反而執著為「究竟之理」。

我現在略舉幾點來反駁、說明。他們說「萬物皆從虛無大道而生」。那麼這「大道」，就成為一切生死、賢愚、吉凶禍福的根本。

既然名叫大道的根本，常存不變，那麼禍亂與愚昧就永遠除不掉，福祿與賢善也無法增加。若是如此，又何必要學老子、莊子的教法呢？再者，道既然能生出萬物，那麼它也生出虎狼、桀紂（暴君），同時又生出顏回、冉子（聖賢）、伯夷、叔齊（高士）。這樣的「道」，怎能稱為尊貴呢？又說「萬物都是自然生成，不由因緣」。若真如此，那麼任何地方、沒有條件之處都應該可以生出萬物。照理說，石頭也能長草，草也能生人，人也能生禽獸。若一切都「自然生成」，那就沒有先後、沒有次第，應該同時無限地生起。如此一來，神仙不需煉丹，太平不需賢良，仁義不需教導，那老莊、周孔立教的規範又有什麼意義呢？再說，「萬物由元氣生成」。那麼剛出生的嬰兒，未曾學過思考，怎麼就懂得愛、恨、驕傲、任性？若說「自然一出便能隨念而有愛恨」的話，那麼五常之德、六藝之學都應該生來便會，何須學習呢？又若說「生」是氣聚而有，「死」是氣散而無，那麼「鬼神」又從何而來？世間有許多人能憶起前生，記得往事，這證明「生命的相續」並非氣聚而忽有；又有許多靈異事件顯示鬼神之知覺不滅，這也證明「死」並非氣散而忽無。再者，祭祀祈禱自古有文獻依據，古今也多有「死而復生」之人，述說幽冥之事，乃至死後靈魂報怨、感動妻子、報恩報仇者，歷代皆有實例，這怎能說死後即歸虛無呢？外道辯者問：「若人死後化為鬼，那古來之鬼應該早已塞滿街巷，為何我們看不見？」我答曰：人死後並非全成鬼，有的投生為人、天、畜生、地獄等六道輪迴之中。鬼若再死，亦復投生為人，豈有古來鬼魂永不消失者乎？再者，天地之氣本來無知；人若只是「稟無知之氣」而生，那麼怎會忽然變得有知覺、有思想？若氣能生知，草木同樣稟氣，為何它們不知不覺？

又說「貧富、貴賤、賢愚、善惡、吉凶、禍福皆由天命」。那麼我請問：為何天命之下貧者多而富者少、賤者多而貴者少、禍者多而福者少？若這都是「天的安排」，那這「天」又怎麼不公平呢？況且世上有：無德行而貴、有德行而賤；

無德行而富、有德行而貧；逆者反得吉，義者反得凶；仁者早夭，暴者長壽；有道之人被毀滅，無道之人反興盛。若說這全是「天命」，那豈不是天令邪惡興、善人亡？那又怎麼能說「福善禍淫」是天之賞罰呢？再說，既然禍亂、反逆都是天命，那聖人為何要設教責人？應該去責天才對，為何要責人、罪物？這豈不不當？若真是如此，那麼《詩經》為何要譴責亂政？《尚書》為何要讚揚王道？《禮》為何推崇安上治民？《樂》為何要移風易俗？難道這些經典不是要「教化人心」，而只是「順從天命」嗎？由此可知，那些專信此道的人，還沒有真正明白「人之本源」。

 

【註解】

l   外教:指佛教之外的儒家、道家等世俗教法。

大唐西域求法高僧傳 - 苾芻道宏

苾芻道宏者。梵名佛陀提婆(唐云覺天)汴州雍丘人也。俗姓靳。其父早因商侶移步南遊。遠歷三江遐登五嶺。遂過韶部後屆峽山。覩巖谷之清虛。翫川源之澄寂。逢善知識披緇釋素。于時道宏其年尚小。任業風而萍轉。隨父師而遊涉。入桂林以翹想。步幽泉而疊息。父名大感禪師。遂於寂禪師處學祕心關。頗經年載薄知要義。還之峽谷。道宏隨父亦復出家。年滿二十此焉進具。往來廣府出入山門。雖可年望未高。而頗懷節概。既聞淨至走赴莊嚴。詢訪所居云停制旨。一申禮事。即有契於行心。再想生津。實無論於性命。聞說滔天之浪。蔑若小池。觀橫海之鯨。意同鰌鱓。尋即重之清遠言別山庭。與貞固師同歸府下。於是乎畢志南海共赴金洲。擬寫三藏德被千秋。識悟聰敏叶性溫柔。頗功草隷復翫莊周。體齊物之篇虛誕。知指馬之說悠悠。不憑河而徒涉。能臨懼而善籌。雖功未廁於移照。終有慶於英猷。英猷何陳求法輕身。不計樂而為樂。不將親而作親。欲希等生靈於己體。豈若嫓芻狗而行仁。既至佛逝敦心律藏。隨譯隨寫傳燈是望。重瑩戒珠極所欽尚。求寂滅之圓成。棄迷津之重障。畢我大業由斯小匠。慶爾拔擢於有流。庶福資於無量。年二十二矣。

道宏法師，梵名「佛陀提婆」（Buddhadeva，意譯為「覺天」），是汴州雍丘（今河南杞縣一帶）人，俗姓靳。

他的父親早年隨著商旅南行，遠遊三江地區（長江流域），翻越五嶺之地（今嶺南山脈），經過韶州（今廣東韶關）後來到峽山一帶。這裡山谷清幽、溪水明淨，他在此遇見有德的出家僧人，感受佛法清淨，遂決心出家修行。

當時道宏年紀尚小，隨父遷徙，如同浮萍隨波。後來隨父親與師長一同雲遊，入桂林地區，觀山水靜美，心生嚮往。其父法號「大感禪師」，後於寂禪師門下學修「祕心關」（即深層禪定之法），多年勤修，稍得要旨。

之後父子返回峽谷，道宏也隨父出家。年滿二十時正式受具足戒（成為正式比丘）。他常往來於廣州，出入寺院山門之間。雖年輕，但志節高潔、品性端正。

後來聽說淨至法師（即法天法師）在莊嚴寺弘法，便親往禮拜、求教。初次見面，便心有契合；再會時，感情更深，志願一致。對他而言，求法修行勝過性命。

聽說南海波濤洶湧，他卻視如小池；看見橫海之鯨，他自比鰍鱔（喻其無懼之心）。他心意堅定，不顧艱險，辭別山中道友，與貞固法師同行歸廣州，隨後一同前往佛逝國（今印尼蘇門答臘），希望能抄寫《三藏》佛典，使佛德流傳千秋。

道宏天資聰穎，性情溫和，擅長書法，能寫草隸之體；閒時喜讀《莊子》，對「齊物論」與「指馬之喻」等玄理皆能融會，達觀而不執著。

他為人謙和慎重，臨事周密；雖尚年輕，卻有大志。其志在求法，不惜身命。他不為世間享樂而行動，而是以利益眾生為樂；不執著親情，而視眾生為親；願眾生與自己同得解脫、同證菩提。這種胸懷，豈能與世俗以假仁假義者相比！

抵達佛逝後，道宏專心研修戒律，隨譯隨寫，常助人抄錄譯經，志在傳燈續慧。他對戒法珍重如明珠，極為尊崇；以「求涅槃之圓成，棄迷津之障礙」為終身志業；他深信：「成就大業，必由細微修行積累而成」。

他願藉此功德拔濟眾生，使一切有情皆得超脫；願自身福德資糧增長，功行無量。當時他年僅二十二歲。

 

【註解】

l   苾芻（bhikṣu）:梵語音譯，意為「比丘」，即受具足戒的出家僧人。

l   佛陀提婆（Buddhadeva）:梵語意譯為「覺天」，即「以覺悟為天」。法名常見於印度、南海僧侶中。

l   「三江」與「五嶺」:「三江」指長江水系，「五嶺」指嶺南山脈（越城、騎田、大庾、都龐、萌渚等嶺），古人南遊入廣必經之地。

l   具足戒  出家僧侶正式受戒，成為比丘（男僧）或比丘尼（女僧）時所受的全戒。

l   佛逝國:今印尼蘇門答臘島的「室利佛逝王國」（Śrīvijaya），為唐代僧人求法之重要中途站與佛教中心。

l   律藏:佛教三藏之一，主講戒律與僧團規範。

l   莊周、齊物論、指馬之說:出自《莊子》，表達萬物平等、超越分別的思想。文中顯示道宏兼通儒、道之理，心性曠達。

l   金洲:指南海諸國之一，佛逝周邊地區；古譯多指南洋群島地帶。

原人論-原人論序

萬靈蠢蠢皆有其本，萬物芸芸各歸其根。未有無根本而有枝末者也，況三才中之最靈而無本源乎？且知人者智，自知者明，今我稟得人身而不自知所從來，曷能知他世所趣乎？曷能知天下古今之人事乎？故數十年中學無常師，博攷內外以原自身，原之不已，果得其本。

然今習儒道者，秖知近則乃祖乃父，傳體相續，受得此身；遠則混沌一氣，剖為陰陽之二，二生天地人三，三生萬物。萬物與人皆氣為本。習佛法者，但云：「近則前生造業，隨業受報，得此人身；遠則業又從惑展轉，乃至阿賴耶識為身根本。」皆謂已窮，而實未也。

然孔、老、釋迦皆是至聖，隨時應物，設教殊塗。內外相資，共利群庶。策勤萬行，明因果始終；推究萬法，彰生起本末。雖皆聖意而有實有權，二教唯權，佛兼權實。策萬行，懲惡勸善，同歸於治，則三教皆可遵行；推萬法，窮理盡性，至於本源，則佛教方為決了。

然當今學士各執一宗，就師佛者，仍迷實義，故於天地人物不能原之至源。余今還依內外教理推窮萬法，初從淺至深，於習權教者，斥滯令通而極其本；後依了教，顯示展轉生起之義，會偏令圓而至於末(末即天地人物)。文有四篇，名原人也。原人論序(終)

萬物眾生都有其根本，天下萬物雖多，各自都有歸依的本源。世間沒有無根之木，也沒有無源之水；既然如此，那麼「三才」之中最靈妙的人類，又怎麼可能沒有自己的根本呢？

能了解別人的人，叫作「智」；能了解自己的人，才叫「明」。我們如今生而為人，卻不知自己從何而來，又怎麼能知道死後往哪裡去？又怎麼能明白古往今來天下萬事的真理呢？
因此，我數十年來不拘於一師之說，廣泛研究儒家與佛家的學問，為的是追尋自身的根本。經過不懈探求，終於有所體悟，找到了「人」的真正本源。

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如今世間學習儒家道德之道的人，只知道：
近的說，是由祖先、父母生下我們，血脈相承，因而得此身體；
遠的說，是從「混沌一氣」之中分化出陰陽兩儀，陰陽交感而生天地與人，再生萬物。
因此認為「氣」就是萬物與人的根本。

而學佛之人則說：
近的，是前生造業，依業受報，所以今生得此人身；
遠的，是由「惑」而起「業」，「業」又生「識」，最終由「阿賴耶識」作為一切身心的根本。
他們都以為這已是窮究本源，但其實仍未到達究竟之處。

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其實，孔子、老子與釋迦牟尼佛，都是通達真理的至聖之人，只是應時應世，各自設教不同而已。
三家之教，雖然方法有別，卻能互相補益，共同利濟眾生。
他們都勤勉修萬行，闡明因果的始末；也都推究萬法的根本，揭示一切生起的源流。
雖然三教皆出於聖人之心，但仍可分為「實」與「權」兩層：
儒、道二教偏重「權教」（因應眾生根器而設的方便教法），
唯有佛教兼具「權」與「實」，能由淺入深、究竟徹底。

若從修身治世的角度來看，三教都能導人向善，感化人心，社會因此得以安治；
但若從究理盡性、探本溯源的角度而言，則唯有佛教能最終明悟一切法的根本。

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然而，如今世間的學者往往各執己見，執著於一宗之說；
即使學佛之人，也多停留在文字與表相上，未能明白佛法的真實義理，
因此仍不能真正追溯天地萬物與人之存在的最初根源。

我如今依據儒、道、佛三家內外教理，再次推究萬法的源起，
從淺入深，先指出權教學者的執滯，使其開悟通達，進而推至根本；
再依佛教的了義教法，闡明一切法相生相起的道理，
使偏執的見解得以融通圓滿，
由根本而推至萬物的終末──也就是天地與人之現象。

全篇共分四部分，題名為《原人》。原人論序到此告一段落

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註解與解說

1. 「原人」的意思：
   　「原」意為「探究、追本溯源」；「原人」即是「探究人之本源」，追問「人從何而來、何以為人」的哲學命題。

2. 「三才」：
   　指「天、地、人」三者。文中說「三才中之最靈而無本源乎」，意謂在人、地、天之中，人是最具靈性的存在，不可能沒有根本。

3. 「權教」與「實教」：
   　佛教中「權」指方便之教，為引導眾生而設的暫時法；「實」則是真實究竟之法。
   　文中指出儒、道為「權教」，佛教兼具「權、實」。

4. 「阿賴耶識」：
   　佛教唯識學八識之一，意為「藏識」，是眾生心識的根本，包含一切業力種子。

5. 「策萬行」與「推萬法」：
   　前者指「實踐一切善行、修身行道」；
   　後者指「從理論上探究宇宙萬法的根源與真相」。

6. 思想結構總覽：
   　全文由「問題」→「批評」→「三教融合」→「佛法為究竟」→「自撰四篇」五層構成，旨在說明：人之本，不僅在氣、不僅在業，而在佛性。

大唐西域求法高僧傳 - 苾芻法朗

苾芻法朗者。梵名達摩提婆(唐云法天)襄州襄陽人也。住靈集寺。俗姓安實。乃家傳禮義門襲冠纓。童年出家欽修是務。遂離桑梓遊涉嶺南。淨至番禺報知行李。雖復學悟非遠而實希尚情深。意喜相隨同越滄海。未經一月屆乎佛逝。亦既至此業行是修。曉夜端心。習因明之祕冊。晨昏勵想。聽俱舍之幽宗。既而一簣已傾。庶罔隤於九仞。三藏虔念。擬剋成乎五篇。弗憚劬勞性有聰識。復能志託弘益抄寫忘疲。乞食自濟但有三衣。袒膊塗跣遵修上儀。雖未成於角立。終有慕於囊錐。凡百徒侶咸希自樂。爾獨標心利生是恪。恪勤何始專思至理。若能弘廣願於悲生。冀大明於慈氏。年二十四矣。其僧貞固等四人。既而附舶俱至佛逝。學經三載梵漢漸通。法朗須往訶陵國。在彼經夏遇疾而卒。懷業戀居佛逝不返番禺。唯有貞固道宏相隨。俱還廣府。各並淹留且住更待後追。貞固遂於三藏道場敷揚律教。未終三載染患身亡。道宏獨在嶺南。爾來逈絕消息。雖每顧問音信不通。嗟乎四子俱汎滄波。竭力盡誠思然法炬。誰知業有長短各阻去留。每一念來傷歎無及。是知麟喻難就危命易虧。所有福田共相資濟。龍華初會俱出塵勞耳。

法朗法師，梵文名「達摩提婆」（Dharmadeva，意譯為「法天」），是襄州襄陽（今湖北襄陽）人。他出身於一個講究禮義、重視學問的家庭，俗姓安，名實。自幼便對佛法懷有敬仰之心，年紀很小就出家修行，一心鑽研佛學。

他早年在靈集寺修習戒律與經論，後來決心離開家鄉，到嶺南一帶雲遊求法，最後到達番禺（今廣州）。法朗發願前往印度取經學法，雖然當時學問尚淺，但志向宏遠，信念堅定。他與幾位志同道合的僧侶一同啟程，渡海西行，不到一個月便抵達佛逝國（今印尼蘇門答臘一帶的室利佛逝王國，當時為東南亞重要的佛教中心）。

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到了佛逝之後，法朗日夜不懈地修行。他精研《因明論》（探討佛教邏輯、推理與思辨方法的經典）與《俱舍論》（阿毘達磨學派的重要論書，闡述心理與存在的理論）。他深知修行如築高山，即使一簣之土也不可少，於是立志要完成五部經論的學習。雖然艱苦，他從不怨懟。

法朗資質聰穎，記憶力強，學習又勤奮。他平日抄寫佛經從不知倦，靠乞食維生，身上只帶三衣（僧侶最基本的衣物），不講奢華，舉止嚴謹，恪守戒律。雖然名聲尚未遠播，但才德兼備，受僧眾敬重。同行的法友多半滿足於自身修行，但法朗志在弘法利生，心懷悲願，願以一生弘揚佛法、救度眾生。

他不僅追求理論理解，更立願實踐慈悲與智慧，希望能普利一切眾生，並期望將來能於彌勒菩薩成佛時的「龍華三會」中，與一切有緣眾生共同成道。當時，他才年僅二十四歲。

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法朗與僧人貞固、道宏等四人同行，一同乘船抵達佛逝，學法三年後，梵文與漢文已能互通。之後法朗準備前往訶陵國（今印尼爪哇地區）繼續修行，但在當地結夏安居期間（佛教僧侶每年雨季期間禁止遠行、靜修的傳統）不幸染病，圓寂於彼地。他原本計畫返回番禺，但未能如願，長眠異鄉。

當時僅剩貞固與道宏兩人隨行，他們護送法朗的遺物回到廣州，暫時留居當地，等待後來同伴。貞固法師後來在三藏道場講授《律藏》，宣揚佛教戒法，但三年後也因病去世。道宏一人留在嶺南，從此音訊全無。雖有人多次打聽，但最終仍未得知他的下落。

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法朗與三位同伴四人，曾經為追求真理、求法渡海，燃起弘法之志。他們竭盡心力，願以生命續佛法之燈，但世事無常，命運各異，或客死異鄉，或音訊斷絕。每每想起，令人不勝感嘆。這也讓人深悟：人世間賢才難得，生命又是如此脆弱短暫。願他們四人同登彌勒龍華法會，超脫塵世勞苦，重聚於清淨法筵之中。

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【註解】

1. 佛逝國（Srivijaya）：
   　位於今印尼蘇門答臘島的古代佛教王國，7–11世紀時是東南亞重要的佛教與學術中心，許多中國、日本的僧侶曾赴此學法（如唐代義淨法師）。

2. 結夏安居：
   　佛教僧侶於每年雨季期間（約三個月）不得遠行，在寺中靜修、誦經、思惟佛法的制度。此傳統起於佛陀時代，旨在避免雨季外出誤傷蟲蟻與眾生。

3. 因明論：
   　即佛教邏輯學，研究推理與辯證的方法，為印度佛教「因明學」的一部分，後來傳入中國成為高級佛學科目。

4. 俱舍論（阿毘達磨俱舍論）：
   　由印度哲學家世親（Vasubandhu）所作，屬「有部」論書，探討宇宙、心理、業報、修行等主題，是佛教論理體系的重要經典。

5. 龍華三會：
   　指彌勒菩薩於未來成佛時，在龍華樹下三次說法度眾的法會，象徵修行者最終能共證菩提的理想境界。

6. 三藏道場：
   　以《經》、《律》、《論》三藏為核心的修學道場，唐代以來是僧侶講經弘法的中心。

類神經學習筆記(一)

 def km_to_mile(km):

    return km / 1.609  # 真實轉換值

# 初始設定

km = float(input("請輸入公里數："))

true_mile = km_to_mile(km)

factor = 0.5  # 任意起始係數

lr = 0.01     # 學習率

max_iter = 10000  # 最大迭代次數

for i in range(max_iter):

    predicted_mile = km * factor

    error = predicted_mile - true_mile

    if abs(error) < 0.1:

        print(f"迭代次數：{i}")

        print(f"最終預測英哩：{predicted_mile:.4f}")

        print(f"真實英哩：{true_mile:.4f}")

        print(f"誤差：{error:.4f}")

        print(f"學到的係數：{factor:.6f}")

        break

    # 調整係數：簡單梯度下降

    factor -= lr * error

else:

    print("未能在指定次數內達到誤差要求")

English writing practice 2025-5/11

After graduating from university and working for several years, I developed the mindset that a job should be related to one’s interests. People would want to quit the job because of because it becomes boring.

I have to write purchase proposal documents and review electrical power system design drawings at the start of my workday. Next, I communicate with other sections to schedule engineering processes and coordinate work interfaces with different departments. The most important is I forecast material requirements and prepare those items/components in the warehouse before the project starts. Recently, I am tired of my daily duties and have thought about studying for a degree in quantum information philosophy.

Although I would like to study abroad and get a PhD, I still have to ask my family for advice and receive their support. It is important that I have a consensus with my family.

English writing practice 2025-4-18

Last year, I took a Japanese language certification test but unfortunately failed. After examining the scores I got, my biggest weakness was the listening section. Therefore, I decided to attend a Japanese language cram school to enhance my Japanese language.

The Japanese teacher is a language specialist and has great enthusiasm for Japanese. He always encourages students to talk. What’s more, He often gives listening tests. At the beginning of class, I found it hard to speak in Japanese. In addition, it was difficult to understand the sentences in the listening dialogues. Although learning languages is not my strength, I still worked hard. Several months later, I gradually began to understand the dialogues of listening tests. Finally, I could have small talk with classmates.

Although I wanted to pass the Japanese language certification at beginning, I think that enjoying learning is more important now. Learning foreign languages helps me broaden my horizons and understand other cultures. Therefore, I will continue to put effort into studying Japanese.

Gap year

Some people believe that students should take a gap year after finishing high school to travel or work before entering university. Others think it is better to go straight to university. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

 

 

In America, it is common that some students would go travel or do part time jobs for one year before they enroll in university. I think it has advantages and disadvantages.

First, students could expand their horizons by traveling around. In addition, students would meet different kinds of people during jobs. It would help students learn how to interact with kinds of people and deal with negative emotions by doing part time jobs. Students also learn how to learn to cope with pressure in the workplace.On the other hand, students experience a learning gap because of gap year. They have to take half a year to get familiar with their major subject in university.

Even if gap year has disadvantages for students, I think it it is a worthwhile experience. The most important is they should plan their gap year carefully to minimize risks as much as possible.

Some people believe that in the future, all jobs will be done by robots. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Recently, many reports, newspapers, and review journals have concluded that all jobs will eventually be done by robots. I believe this prediction could become a reality in the future. At that time, robots will transform human life across the globe.

Since the 21st century, many scientists and engineers working in large enterprises and emerging technology companies have developed cutting-edge technology, bringing once-fantastical inventions into practical applications across various fields. Artificial intelligence is now at the forefront and is gradually influencing multiple professions. For example, supervisors have to hire secretaries for arranging their schedules and writing documents drafts. However, the innovative AI platform ChatGPT performs far better than human secretaries. For this reason, integrating AI with robotics could reshape the world. In addition, it is crucial that the most great chip manufacture company, TSMC, produces much more speed of calculation. Robots with chips could complete kinds of works.

Robots will replace human labor, reducing job opportunities over time. Humanity must start considering how to adapt to this transformation.

The Appeal and Challenges of City Life

In modern era, cities have grown due to increasing of migration. Although cities have many job opportunities, cities are facing increasing disadvantages due to a growing population. Therefore, people have to think deeply for living in city or countryside.

Cities have convenient transportation such as railways, MRT and bus systems. People living in cities can take public transportation to travel anywhere. In addition, cities have museums and hold kinds of exhibitions for visitors. The most important is work chances, citizens would improve their standard of living with high salary. For this reason, people choose to migrate to cities to work for large and well-known enterprises. However, cities with large populations face several disadvantages. Governments have to deal with river pollution and shortages of drinking water. Otherwise, the cost of living is gradually increasing. The issue has become the first priority for citizens.

Although cities have several disadvantages, people still prefer to move there due to job opportunities and access to essential services. Moreover, to provide their children with a high-quality education, parents are more willing to live in cities despite the fast-paced and stressful environment.

A Weekend of Strategy: Playing Conquest and Consequence

This weekend, my friends and I played a board game called Conquest and Consequence, a three players military simulation games. My friends took on the roles of the Soviet Union and the United States. While I played as the Empire of Japan, we should get twenty five victory points.

At the first round US player paid many diplomacy cards and lift influence on United Kingdom. Surprisingly, the U.S. successfully persuaded the U.K. to join its faction, gaining access to British resources and troops. Therefore, Japan player asked marines and navy to surround Philippines. Through a swift offensive, Japan quickly took control of the region. As the game progressed, tensions escalated, US and Japan had a heavy battle in the Pacific Ocean. The U.S. Navy suffered a major defeat, forcing the American player to shift focus toward defending U.S. territories at great cost. Finally, The Soviet player remained relatively quiet but gradually gained strength and conquered the UK’s and Japan’s important city, Deli and Shenyang. In the end, Ultimately, the Soviet player emerged victorious.

Conquest and Consequence is a military and diplomacy simulation board game. Players could image themselves as a leader of those historic country and learn something about politics and military action. We could realize the world by the board game.

ChatGPT version

This weekend, my friends and I played a board game called Conquest and Consequence, a three-player military simulation game. My friends took on the roles of the Soviet Union and the United States, while I played as the Empire of Japan. To win the game, a player needed to accumulate twenty-five victory points.

In the first round, the U.S. player invested heavily in diplomacy cards and increased influence over the United Kingdom. Surprisingly, the U.S. successfully persuaded the U.K. to join its faction, gaining access to British resources and troops. In response, I mobilized Japan’s marines and navy to encircle the Philippines. Through a swift offensive, Japan quickly took control of the region.

As the game progressed, tensions escalated, leading to intense battles between the U.S. and Japan in the Pacific Ocean. The U.S. Navy suffered a major defeat, forcing the American player to shift focus toward defending U.S. territories at great cost. Meanwhile, the Soviet player remained relatively quiet but gradually gained strength. In a decisive move, the Soviet Union conquered key cities controlled by the U.K. and Japan—Delhi and Shenyang. Ultimately, the Soviet player emerged victorious. 

Conquest and Consequence is a board game that simulates military and diplomatic strategies. Players take on the roles of historical leaders, gaining insights into politics and military tactics. It provides a unique way to understand world history through strategic gameplay.

A Visit to the Taiwan Railway Museum

This weekend, I visited to Taiwan Railway Museum to admire number of paintings. Some of the artworks were created by Cheng-Po Cheng who is the most famous artist in Taiwan. I recognized that there were several paintings with different scenes to show the characteristic weather of Taiwan.

The painting that left the deepest impression on me was The Road Near the East Coast of Taiwan. In Japanese dominated period, there was a president of Taiwan. He received a retirement payment before leaving Taiwan. First, he donated a large portion of retired payment to Taiwan Empire University for doing research about Taiwanese residents. Next, he took the retained money to hire Cheng-Po Cheng to paint a unique and meaningful scene from Taiwan. Finally, Cheng-Po Cheng have him The Road nears to Est Coast of Taiwan. The painting not only conserved the scene of that period but also showed the humanity of Taiwan. For this reason, it became an important artistic treasure in Japan.

This exhibition featured eight of Cheng-Po Cheng’s paintings, collectively narrating the stories of that period. In addition, visitors could immerse themselves in the past and connect with the artist’s thoughts. The exhibition wanted to introduce not only weather of Taiwan but also Cheng-Po Cheng. I feel fortunate that I did not miss this remarkable exhibition.

Modified by ChatGPT

This weekend, I visited the Taiwan Railway Museum to admire a collection of paintings. Some of the artworks were created by Cheng-Po Cheng, one of the most renowned artists in Taiwan. I noticed that several paintings depicted different scenes showcasing Taiwan’s distinctive weather conditions.

The painting that left the deepest impression on me was The Road Near the East Coast of Taiwan. During the Japanese colonial period, the governor of Taiwan received a retirement payment before leaving the island. First, he donated a large portion of his pension to Taiwan Imperial University to support research on Taiwanese residents. Then, he used the remaining funds to commission Cheng-Po Cheng to paint a unique and meaningful scene from Taiwan. Eventually, Cheng-Po Cheng presented him with The Road Near the East Coast of Taiwan. This painting not only preserved the landscape of that era but also reflected the humanistic spirit of Taiwan. For this reason, it became an important artistic treasure in Japan.

This exhibition featured eight of Cheng-Po Cheng’s paintings, collectively narrating the stories of that period. Additionally, visitors could immerse themselves in the past and connect with the artist’s thoughts. The exhibition aimed to introduce not only Taiwan’s climate but also the artistic legacy of Cheng-Po Cheng. I feel fortunate that I did not miss this remarkable exhibition.

A Memorable Meeting with Hui-Ming Fashi

Last month, I had free time to visit Taouang City. To my surprise, I had a chance to visit an important person to me, Hui-Ming Fashi. In my opinion, he is one of the most dharma master in recent one hundred years.

Hui-Ming Fashi specialized in Dharma studies and earned a Ph.D. from Tokyo University. After graduating from Tokyo University, Hui-Ming Fashi taught at National Tai-Pei Art University and Dharma Drum College. Now He is the chief monk of Si-Liang temple. Because Hu-Ming Fasi is good at Dharma, he was appointed as a Dharma heir from Master Sheng-Yen and Master Chi-Yu. Luckily, In this trip I got a chance that I had lunch with Hui-Ming Fashi and had a small talk with him. he shared insights from his daily monastic life and his philosophy of humankind. Additionally, he expressed his thoughts on modern technologies such as AR and VR, noting that they share certain characteristics with Dharma teachings.

Due to his humble and mankind, Hui-Ming Fashi is popular with kinds of group. Although he has retired from academic and administrative roles. He still receives lot of inviting to participate dharma research team and deliver speech around world. Hui-Ming Fashi shares his knowledge and mindset to help human get a happier life and contribute to a more peaceful and enlightened world.

Modified by ChatGPT

Last month, during my free time, I had the opportunity to visit Taoyuan City. To my surprise, I also had the chance to meet a person who holds great significance to me—Hui-Ming Fashi. In my opinion, he is one of the most influential Dharma masters of the past century.

Hui-Ming Fashi specialized in Dharma studies and earned a Ph.D. from Tokyo University. After graduating, he taught at National Taipei University of the Arts and Dharma Drum College. Currently, he serves as the chief monk of Si-Liang Temple. Due to his profound knowledge of Dharma, he was appointed as a Dharma heir by both Master Sheng-Yen and Master Chi-Yu.

During this trip, I was fortunate enough to have lunch with Hui-Ming Fashi and engage in a brief conversation with him. He shared insights from his daily monastic life and his philosophy on humanity. Additionally, he expressed his thoughts on modern technologies such as AR and VR, noting that they share certain characteristics with Dharma teachings.

Due to his humility and compassion, Hui-Ming Fashi is widely respected by people from all walks of life. Although he has retired from academic and administrative roles, he continues to receive numerous invitations to join Dharma research teams and deliver speeches around the world. Through his teachings and wisdom, he strives to help people achieve greater happiness and contribute to a more peaceful and enlightened world.

Invitation to Join Our Quantum Computing Research Team

Dear Dr. Chen

I hope this email finds you well. I would like to invite you to join my research and development sector to collaborate on quantum computing research. My co-workers and I are highly appreciate your contribution about quantum computer. Your research has significantly contributed to various advancements in quantum computing.

The topics of our research is quantum memory, it is on the spot. We utilize rubidium (Rb) atoms to store quantum information in wave function. Moreover, after inputting a pulse to drive atoms going across different quantum levels to release the stored information. After struggling to meet the demand of quantum technologies, we have obtained several patents and received prestigious awards. In addition, our team offers a highly competitive benefits package, including thirty days of paid leave and supply lunch and refreshment all around year. Furthermore, we provide the best level medical insurance.

I believe that my sector is the best quantum computer development team in this world and we are continuously pushing the boundaries of technological advancement. My team members and I trust we would play a crucial role in future. I sincerely invite you to participate in our company. I look forward to your response and hope to discuss this opportunity further.

Sincerely

Dr. Li

Number of accidents involving casualties

 

The line diagram shows number of accidents involving casualties from 1994 to 2014 in millions units. The accidents happened in these three countries, United States, Japan and India.

In general, United States had the highest number of accidents in three countries which had about two millions accidents at the first recorded year 1994. Japan had the second number of accidents and the number of accidents are noticeable less than United States. Although India had the fewest number of accidents in three countries, it’s number of accidents was slightly more than Japan at the last year 2014.

In detail, the number of accidents in the United States gradually decreased varying with year, however which were still much more than Japan and India. At the last year 2014, the number was about one millions more than other countries. The number of accidents of Japan was increased slowly and reached the highest point, then it decreased gradually and had the nearly same number of accidents as India. Although India had the fewest accidents among these three countries, the line diagram shows that accidents in India were increasing every year. Finally, India had the same number of accidents as Japan.

Modified by ChatGPT

The line graph illustrates the number of accidents involving casualties in the United States, Japan, and India from 1994 to 2014, measured in millions.

Overall, the United States had the highest number of accidents throughout the period, starting at approximately two million in 1994. Japan had the second-highest number, which was significantly lower than that of the United States. Although India had the fewest accidents initially, its numbers gradually increased and surpassed Japan by 2014.

In detail, the number of accidents in the United States showed a gradual decline over the years, yet it remained significantly higher than in Japan and India. By 2014, the figure was still about one million higher than in the other two countries. In contrast, Japan's accident numbers rose slowly at first, reaching a peak before gradually declining, eventually equaling India's figures. Meanwhile, India, which initially had the lowest accident count, experienced a steady increase each year. By the end of the period, India had recorded the same number of accidents as Japan.

Golden Kamuy: More Than Just a Comic

Golden Kamuy

Recently, I was introduced to a manga series called Golden Kamuy. by KOL Tsai san. Golden Kamuy tells the story of a retired soldier was finding treasure, He didn’t want to take all the treasure; he only wished to claim a small portion to help his friend’s family. The clues to the treasure’s location were tattooed on the skin of multiple prisoners. In order to find out the treasure, retired soldier was going to take a trip and dealt with many events.

Moreover, there are many knowledge about Hokkaido’s historic and natural background. In the content of Golden Kamuy, there are words and sentences about native residents which makes me get rid of the stereotype of Hokkaido, Hokkaido has not only Japanese culture. In addition, the comic series also describe the native residents how to make balance between nature and human society.

In conclusion, the comic series broaden my horizons of the Earth and takes me on a journey around Hokkaido. In my opinion, I think Golden Kamuy is not only comic series but also a Hokkaido’s guide book. I am highly recommend the comic series for those people who would like to travel to Hokkaido.

Modified by ChatGPT

Recently, I was introduced to a manga series called Golden Kamuy by a well-known influencer, Tsai San. This series tells the story of a retired soldier who embarks on a quest to find hidden treasure. Unlike typical treasure hunters, he does not seek wealth for himself but only wishes to obtain a small portion to support his friend’s family. The treasure’s location is encoded in tattoos on multiple prisoners, leading the protagonist on a thrilling journey filled with unexpected encounters and challenges.

Beyond its captivating storyline, Golden Kamuy also provides rich historical and cultural insights into Hokkaido. The manga introduces readers to the indigenous Ainu people, shedding light on their language, traditions, and relationship with nature. This aspect challenges the common stereotype that Hokkaido is solely defined by Japanese culture. Furthermore, the series illustrates the delicate balance between human society and the natural world, making it both entertaining and educational.

Reading Golden Kamuy has broadened my horizons and given me a deeper appreciation of Hokkaido’s diverse heritage. In my opinion, this manga is not just a story but also a cultural guidebook. I highly recommend it to anyone interested in history, adventure, or traveling to Hokkaido.

A Visit to a Historic Mazu Temple in Tainan

Mazu temple, Hm̂-káng-bóe Thian-hiō-kiong

Last month, I went to Tainan City for taking winter vacation and celebrating Lunar New Year. I went to a historic Mazu temple locating at Sha-Yin District which is at least three hundred years old. Inside the Mazu temple, I read about its history from an informational plaque.

About one hundred years ago, Mazu sent an emergency message, she said there were a disaster this week, all village residents shall prepare for their safe at moment. After receiving Mazu’s emergency message, residents thought robbers would attack their village. Therefore, residents seal windows, locked the doors and blocked roads to prevent robbers attack the village. However, a giant earthquake happened and no robbers came. A massive earthquake struck the village, causing widespread destruction and many casualties. What’s more, the celestial supervisor accused Mazu of committing a crime by revealing a secret about the future to humans. In the end, Mazu was put into jail.

Several decades ago, a resident saw light shined the temple and a farmer dogged out a stele from his farm. The stele record Mazu’s incident. The villagers interpreted this as a sign that Mazu had been released from imprisonment and had returned to the mortal world. Finally the temple is blooming and getting more and more followers. The temple and village has a lot of elements of Taiwanese culture. I highly recommend visiting the temple and exploring Sha-Yin District.

Modified by ChatGPT

Last month, I went to Tainan City for my winter vacation and to celebrate the Lunar New Year. During my trip, I visited a historic Mazu temple located in Shayin District, which is at least three hundred years old. Inside the temple, I read about its history from an informational plaque.

About a hundred years ago, Mazu sent an emergency message, warning that a disaster would occur that week. She advised all village residents to prepare for their safety immediately. Upon receiving Mazu’s warning, the villagers assumed that robbers were planning to attack their village. To protect themselves, they sealed their windows, locked their doors, and blocked the roads. However, instead of a robbery, a massive earthquake struck the village, causing widespread destruction and many casualties.

Furthermore, the celestial supervisor accused Mazu of committing a crime by revealing a secret about the future to humans. As a result, Mazu was imprisoned.

Several decades ago, a villager saw a mysterious light shining on the temple, and a farmer later unearthed a stele from his field. The inscription on the stele recorded the incident involving Mazu. The villagers interpreted this as a sign that Mazu had been released from imprisonment and had returned to the mortal world. Since then, the temple has flourished, attracting more and more followers.

The temple and the surrounding village are rich in Taiwanese cultural elements. I highly recommend visiting the temple and exploring Shayin District.

Rediscovering Old-Fashioned Entertainment

Arcade machine, the game is Three Kingdoms

Recently, I have enjoyed the old-fashion entertainment. First, I played a game which was programmed in 2002. Its historical background is set in the Three Kingdoms period. Players take on the role of famous generals such as Guan-Yu, Chan-Fei and so on. Then, the computer controls an opponent to battle against them. The game is designed in a two-dimensional world, therefore, the feather could only move up and down or back and forward. Although the game was developed twenty years ago, players still could enjoy it and relax.

Next, I played a street stand ball game. I had to put coins into machine, then I had to pull a stick and make the stick launch a metal ball. The ball would fall down a certain position. If the metal ball got into the position with number, player could get several tiny cards depending on number. Finally, players could collect those tiny cards and exchanged gifts.

Those games are seldom found in daily life. Their function is replaced by smart phone or computer. I think play these old-fashioned street games is just as fun as playing computer games. I wish they would not disappear from this world.

Modified by ChatGPT

Recently, I have been enjoying old-fashioned entertainment. First, I played a game that was programmed in 2002. Its historical background is set in the Three Kingdoms period. Players take on the role of famous generals such as Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, while the computer controls an opponent to battle against them. The game is designed in a two-dimensional world, so characters can only move up and down or back and forth. Although it was developed twenty years ago, it remains enjoyable and relaxing for players.

Next, I played a street-side ball game. To start, I inserted coins into the machine, then pulled a lever to launch a metal ball. The ball would fall into a specific position, and if it landed in a numbered slot, the player would receive a corresponding number of small collectible cards. These cards could be collected and exchanged for prizes.

Such games are rarely seen in daily life today, as they have been replaced by smartphones and computers. However, I find playing these old-fashioned street games just as fun as playing computer games. I hope they will not disappear from the world.

Pinball game

A Short Trip to Chiayi County

The top of Dong Kang Mountain

Recently, I have heard that the shortest mountain at in Taiwan, called Dong Kang Mountain. Although it has only eleven meters height, it also has a triangular peak similar to Yu-Shan Mountain. The mountain locates at Bu-Dai, it is at south of Puzi city and near to sea. Getting to the top of Dong Kang Mountain takes less than half a minute. Out of curious, I went to Dong Kang Mountain and stood at the top to experience the charm of the countryside.

Next, I went to National Palace Museum Southern Branch. The museum locates at Tai-Bao city. The city has the headquarter of Chai-Yi county. National Palace Museum Southern Branch has kinds of collections, some of collections are designated as national treasures. I saw a paint which is usually printed on Buddhism books. The paint shows two man, one adult and one kid. It is said that they are Manjushri Bodhisatta and Samantabhadra Bodhisatta they became normal peoples and lived in the world in order to guide all livings to leave the Samsara.

In this small trip, I am so surprised at seeing such a famous paint and getting touch of the shortest mountain in Taiwan. Cha-Yi is an interesting county which has view of country, sea, mountain and historic story. I really want to go to Cha-Yi again.

Modified by ChatGPT

Recently, I heard about the shortest mountain in Taiwan, located in Chiayi County, called Dongkang Mountain. Although it is only eleven meters tall, it has a triangular peak similar to Yushan Mountain. Dongkang Mountain is in Budai, south of Puzi City and near the sea. Reaching the top takes less than half a minute. Out of curiosity, I visited Dongkang Mountain and stood at its peak to experience the charm of the countryside.

Afterward, I visited the National Palace Museum Southern Branch, located in Taibao City, the administrative center of Chiayi County. The museum features various collections, some of which are designated as national treasures. I was particularly captivated by a painting often found in Buddhist texts. The artwork depicts two figures: an adult and a child. They are believed to represent Manjushri Bodhisattva and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, who took human forms to guide sentient beings and help them escape the cycle of samsara.

This short trip left me amazed by the famous painting and the unique experience of standing on Taiwan's shortest mountain. Chiayi is an interesting county with diverse attractions, including scenic countryside, the sea, mountains, and rich historical stories. I look forward to visiting Chiayi again.

The path to the top of Dong Kang Mountain

Hanshan and Shide, they are thought as Manjushri Bodhisattva and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva

Visiting an interesting temple

 

I saw a picture from social media which showed Poke balls patterns on Taiwanese tradition temple’s beam. Out of curious, I found a weekend and went to the temple.

Upon coming into the temple, I immediately raised my head to find out Poke balls patterns. A kind temple’s manager noticed me and help me to get Poke balls patterns. In addition, she introduced that there are other interesting patterns, such as Pokemon monsters, local famous product. I think the most interesting patterns are anti-epidemic supplies, such as masks and hand sanitizers.

The temple’s manager mentioned that those patterns were painted by a Kaohsiung famous artist, his first name is Su, He has many creative ideas and applied them into the temple’s reconstruction. She then guided me on a tour around the temple and gave me a short introduction about the temple. The temple enshrine Mazu which could dates back to the Qing Dynasty.

In the end, manager gave me a souvenir and advised me take the souvenir rolling the incense burner for three rounds to get Mazu’s protection. The temple not only has interesting patterns but also has kind and friendly people. I am highly recommend the temple to my friends.

Modified by ChatGPT

I saw a picture on social media that showed Poké Ball patterns on the beams of a traditional Taiwanese temple. Out of curiosity, I decided to visit the temple one weekend.

As soon as I entered the temple, I looked up to find the Poké Ball patterns. A kind temple manager noticed my interest and helped me locate them. She also introduced me to other fascinating designs, such as Pokémon characters and patterns featuring famous local products. Among all the patterns, I found the most interesting ones to be those depicting anti-epidemic supplies, such as masks and hand sanitizers.

The temple manager explained that these patterns were created by a famous artist from Kaohsiung, whose last name is Su. He is known for his creative ideas, which he incorporated into the temple’s reconstruction. She then guided me on a tour around the temple, providing a brief history. The temple is dedicated to Mazu and dates back to the Qing Dynasty.

At the end of my visit, the manager gave me a souvenir and suggested I roll it around the incense burner three times to receive Mazu’s blessings. The temple not only features interesting designs but also has kind and welcoming people. I highly recommend visiting this temple to my friends.

Poke balls and a vase with togepi skin

A pidgeotto and a pidgeot

anti-epidemic supplies

local famous products

Conquest & Consequence 征服與後果 - 前言

《征服與後果》（Conquest & Consequence，C & C）是一款適合三名玩家（可適應兩名玩家）的策略遊戲，主題是1936年至1945年間，軍國主義、資本主義和共產主義政治經濟體系在亞洲爭奪霸權。

 

日本（軍國主義）玩家坐在北方。 美國（資本主義）玩家坐在南方。美國派系包括美國本身、國民黨中國（簡稱“國府”）和大英帝國（簡稱“英帝國”）。 蘇聯（共產主義）玩家坐在西方。蘇聯派系包括西伯利亞俄羅斯（遊戲中簡稱“俄羅斯”）和紅色中國（簡稱“紅色”）。 這三個對立的派系稱為競爭對手。競爭對手之間如果發生戰爭，將同時成為敵人。所有派系都以和平狀態開始遊戲，可以通過和平競爭取勝，但隨時可能發生軍事攻擊，因此不能忽視自我防衛。

 

遊戲可以通過以下方式獲勝：

l   在亞洲取得經濟優勢（其中對中國的控制起著重要作用），

l   軍事征服競爭對手的首都，

l   研發原子彈，或者

l   獲得亞洲霸權。

遊戲時間為4至6小時。

 

遊戲流程

完整遊戲持續10個遊戲年。 一個遊戲年包括新年和四個季節的遊戲。

 

新年（7.0）

新年包括年初程序、生產和政府階段。在生產階段，玩家根據當前人口（POP）、資源（RES）和工業（IND）水平獲得年度生產值，並在軍事、外交、技術和工業方面進行分配。在政府階段，玩家通過打出卡牌來執行外交、工業和技術行動。

 

季節（10.0）

每個季節（春季、夏季、秋季或冬季）從指揮階段（10.1）開始，玩家可以通過打出指揮卡來承諾軍事行動（或不行動）。有效的指揮卡玩家根據指揮卡的順序進行玩家回合。玩家回合包括移動（11.0）和戰鬥（12.0）階段。當敵方單位佔據相同區域時會發生戰鬥。

戰時，每個季節結束時進行補給階段（14.0），沒有補給線的地面單位（坦克和步兵）將受到懲罰。在夏季補給階段，可以宣布封鎖（14.22），這會削弱敵方生產。和平時期則忽略補給和封鎖。