原人論-原人論序

萬靈蠢蠢皆有其本,萬物芸芸各歸其根。未有無根本而有枝末者也,況三才中之最靈而無本源乎?且知人者智,自知者明,今我稟得人身而不自知所從來,曷能知他世所趣乎?曷能知天下古今之人事乎?故數十年中學無常師,博攷內外以原自身,原之不已,果得其本。

然今習儒道者,秖知近則乃祖乃父,傳體相續,受得此身;遠則混沌一氣,剖為陰陽之二,二生天地人三,三生萬物。萬物與人皆氣為本。習佛法者,但云:「近則前生造業,隨業受報,得此人身;遠則業又從惑展轉,乃至阿賴耶識為身根本。」皆謂已窮,而實未也。

然孔、老、釋迦皆是至聖,隨時應物,設教殊塗。內外相資,共利群庶。策勤萬行,明因果始終;推究萬法,彰生起本末。雖皆聖意而有實有權,二教唯權,佛兼權實。策萬行,懲惡勸善,同歸於治,則三教皆可遵行;推萬法,窮理盡性,至於本源,則佛教方為決了。

然當今學士各執一宗,就師佛者,仍迷實義,故於天地人物不能原之至源。余今還依內外教理推窮萬法,初從淺至深,於習權教者,斥滯令通而極其本;後依了教,顯示展轉生起之義,會偏令圓而至於末(末即天地人物)。文有四篇,名原人也。原人論序()


原人論序(白話文)

萬物眾生都有其根本,天下萬物雖多,各自都有歸依的本源。世間沒有無根之木,也沒有無源之水;既然如此,那麼「三才」之中最靈妙的人類,又怎麼可能沒有自己的根本呢?能了解別人的人,叫作「智」;能了解自己的人,才叫「明」。我們如今生而為人,卻不知自己從何而來,又怎麼能知道死後往哪裡去?又怎麼能明白古往今來天下萬事的真理呢?因此,我數十年來不拘於一師之說,廣泛研究儒家與佛家的學問,為的是追尋自身的根本。經過不懈探求,終於有所體悟,找到了「人」的真正本源。

 

如今世間學習儒家道德之道的人,只知道;近的說,是由祖先、父母生下我們,血脈相承,因而得此身體;遠的說,是從「混沌一氣」之中分化出陰陽兩儀,陰陽交感而生天地與人,再生萬物。因此認為「氣」就是萬物與人的根本。而學佛之人則說:近的,是前生造業,依業受報,所以今生得此人身;遠的,是由「惑」而起「業」,「業」又生「識」,最終由「阿賴耶識」作為一切身心的根本。他們都以為這已是窮究本源,但其實仍未到達究竟之處。

 

其實,孔子、老子與釋迦牟尼佛,都是通達真理的至聖之人,只是應時應世,各自設教不同而已。三家之教,雖然方法有別,卻能互相補益,共同利濟眾生。他們都勤勉修萬行,闡明因果的始末;也都推究萬法的根本,揭示一切生起的源流。雖然三教皆出於聖人之心,但仍可分為「實」與「權」兩層:儒、道二教偏重「權教」(因應眾生根器而設的方便教法),唯有佛教兼具「權」與「實」,能由淺入深、究竟徹底。若從修身治世的角度來看,三教都能導人向善,感化人心,社會因此得以安治;但若從究理盡性、探本溯源的角度而言,則唯有佛教能最終明悟一切法的根本。

 

然而,如今世間的學者往往各執己見,執著於一宗之說;即使學佛之人,也多停留在文字與表相上,未能明白佛法的真實義理,因此仍不能真正追溯天地萬物與人之存在的最初根源。我如今依據儒、道、佛三家內外教理,再次推究萬法的源起,從淺入深,先指出權教學者的執滯,使其開悟通達,進而推至根本;再依佛教的了義教法,闡明一切法相生相起的道理,使偏執的見解得以融通圓滿,由根本而推至萬物的終末──也就是天地與人之現象。全篇共分四部分,題名為《原人》。原人論序到此告一段落。


註解與解說

  1. 「原人」的意思
     「原」意為「探究、追本溯源」;「原人」即是「探究人之本源」,追問「人從何而來、何以為人」的哲學命題。

  2. 「三才」
     指「天、地、人」三者。文中說「三才中之最靈而無本源乎」,意謂在人、地、天之中,人是最具靈性的存在,不可能沒有根本。

  3. 「權教」與「實教」
     佛教中「權」指方便之教,為引導眾生而設的暫時法;「實」則是真實究竟之法。
     文中指出儒、道為「權教」,佛教兼具「權、實」。

  4. 「阿賴耶識」
     佛教唯識學八識之一,意為「藏識」,是眾生心識的根本,包含一切業力種子。

  5. 「策萬行」與「推萬法」
     前者指「實踐一切善行、修身行道」;
     後者指「從理論上探究宇宙萬法的根源與真相」。

  6. 思想結構總覽
     全文由「問題」→「批評」→「三教融合」→「佛法為究竟」→「自撰四篇」五層構成,旨在說明:人之本,不僅在氣、不僅在業,而在佛性。

大唐西域求法高僧傳 - 苾芻法朗

苾芻法朗者。梵名達摩提婆(唐云法天)襄州襄陽人也。住靈集寺。俗姓安實。乃家傳禮義門襲冠纓。童年出家欽修是務。遂離桑梓遊涉嶺南。淨至番禺報知行李。雖復學悟非遠而實希尚情深。意喜相隨同越滄海。未經一月屆乎佛逝。亦既至此業行是修。曉夜端心。習因明之祕冊。晨昏勵想。聽俱舍之幽宗。既而一簣已傾。庶罔隤於九仞。三藏虔念。擬剋成乎五篇。弗憚劬勞性有聰識。復能志託弘益抄寫忘疲。乞食自濟但有三衣。袒膊塗跣遵修上儀。雖未成於角立。終有慕於囊錐。凡百徒侶咸希自樂。爾獨標心利生是恪。恪勤何始專思至理。若能弘廣願於悲生。冀大明於慈氏。年二十四矣。其僧貞固等四人。既而附舶俱至佛逝。學經三載梵漢漸通。法朗須往訶陵國。在彼經夏遇疾而卒。懷業戀居佛逝不返番禺。唯有貞固道宏相隨。俱還廣府。各並淹留且住更待後追。貞固遂於三藏道場敷揚律教。未終三載染患身亡。道宏獨在嶺南。爾來逈絕消息。雖每顧問音信不通。嗟乎四子俱汎滄波。竭力盡誠思然法炬。誰知業有長短各阻去留。每一念來傷歎無及。是知麟喻難就危命易虧。所有福田共相資濟。龍華初會俱出塵勞耳。



法朗法師,梵文名「達摩提婆」(Dharmadeva,意譯為「法天」),是襄州襄陽(今湖北襄陽)人。他出身於一個講究禮義、重視學問的家庭,俗姓安,名實。自幼便對佛法懷有敬仰之心,年紀很小就出家修行,一心鑽研佛學。

他早年在靈集寺修習戒律與經論,後來決心離開家鄉,到嶺南一帶雲遊求法,最後到達番禺(今廣州)。法朗發願前往印度取經學法,雖然當時學問尚淺,但志向宏遠,信念堅定。他與幾位志同道合的僧侶一同啟程,渡海西行,不到一個月便抵達佛逝國(今印尼蘇門答臘一帶的室利佛逝王國,當時為東南亞重要的佛教中心)。


到了佛逝之後,法朗日夜不懈地修行。他精研《因明論》(探討佛教邏輯、推理與思辨方法的經典)與《俱舍論》(阿毘達磨學派的重要論書,闡述心理與存在的理論)。他深知修行如築高山,即使一簣之土也不可少,於是立志要完成五部經論的學習。雖然艱苦,他從不怨懟。

法朗資質聰穎,記憶力強,學習又勤奮。他平日抄寫佛經從不知倦,靠乞食維生,身上只帶三衣(僧侶最基本的衣物),不講奢華,舉止嚴謹,恪守戒律。雖然名聲尚未遠播,但才德兼備,受僧眾敬重。同行的法友多半滿足於自身修行,但法朗志在弘法利生,心懷悲願,願以一生弘揚佛法、救度眾生。

他不僅追求理論理解,更立願實踐慈悲與智慧,希望能普利一切眾生,並期望將來能於彌勒菩薩成佛時的「龍華三會」中,與一切有緣眾生共同成道。當時,他才年僅二十四歲。


法朗與僧人貞固、道宏等四人同行,一同乘船抵達佛逝,學法三年後,梵文與漢文已能互通。之後法朗準備前往訶陵國(今印尼爪哇地區)繼續修行,但在當地結夏安居期間(佛教僧侶每年雨季期間禁止遠行、靜修的傳統)不幸染病,圓寂於彼地。他原本計畫返回番禺,但未能如願,長眠異鄉。

當時僅剩貞固與道宏兩人隨行,他們護送法朗的遺物回到廣州,暫時留居當地,等待後來同伴。貞固法師後來在三藏道場講授《律藏》,宣揚佛教戒法,但三年後也因病去世。道宏一人留在嶺南,從此音訊全無。雖有人多次打聽,但最終仍未得知他的下落。


法朗與三位同伴四人,曾經為追求真理、求法渡海,燃起弘法之志。他們竭盡心力,願以生命續佛法之燈,但世事無常,命運各異,或客死異鄉,或音訊斷絕。每每想起,令人不勝感嘆。這也讓人深悟:人世間賢才難得,生命又是如此脆弱短暫。願他們四人同登彌勒龍華法會,超脫塵世勞苦,重聚於清淨法筵之中。


【註解】

  1. 佛逝國(Srivijaya)
     位於今印尼蘇門答臘島的古代佛教王國,7–11世紀時是東南亞重要的佛教與學術中心,許多中國、日本的僧侶曾赴此學法(如唐代義淨法師)。

  2. 結夏安居
     佛教僧侶於每年雨季期間(約三個月)不得遠行,在寺中靜修、誦經、思惟佛法的制度。此傳統起於佛陀時代,旨在避免雨季外出誤傷蟲蟻與眾生。

  3. 因明論
     即佛教邏輯學,研究推理與辯證的方法,為印度佛教「因明學」的一部分,後來傳入中國成為高級佛學科目。

  4. 俱舍論(阿毘達磨俱舍論)
     由印度哲學家世親(Vasubandhu)所作,屬「有部」論書,探討宇宙、心理、業報、修行等主題,是佛教論理體系的重要經典。

  5. 龍華三會
     指彌勒菩薩於未來成佛時,在龍華樹下三次說法度眾的法會,象徵修行者最終能共證菩提的理想境界。

  6. 三藏道場
     以《經》、《律》、《論》三藏為核心的修學道場,唐代以來是僧侶講經弘法的中心。

類神經學習筆記(一)

 def km_to_mile(km):

    return km / 1.609  # 真實轉換值


# 初始設定

km = float(input("請輸入公里數:"))

true_mile = km_to_mile(km)

factor = 0.5  # 任意起始係數

lr = 0.01     # 學習率

max_iter = 10000  # 最大迭代次數


for i in range(max_iter):

    predicted_mile = km * factor

    error = predicted_mile - true_mile


    if abs(error) < 0.1:

        print(f"迭代次數:{i}")

        print(f"最終預測英哩:{predicted_mile:.4f}")

        print(f"真實英哩:{true_mile:.4f}")

        print(f"誤差:{error:.4f}")

        print(f"學到的係數:{factor:.6f}")

        break


    # 調整係數:簡單梯度下降

    factor -= lr * error


else:

    print("未能在指定次數內達到誤差要求")

English writing practice 2025-5/11

After graduating from university and working for several years, I developed the mindset that a job should be related to one’s interests. People would want to quit the job because of because it becomes boring.

I have to write purchase proposal documents and review electrical power system design drawings at the start of my workday. Next, I communicate with other sections to schedule engineering processes and coordinate work interfaces with different departments. The most important is I forecast material requirements and prepare those items/components in the warehouse before the project starts. Recently, I am tired of my daily duties and have thought about studying for a degree in quantum information philosophy.

Although I would like to study abroad and get a PhD, I still have to ask my family for advice and receive their support. It is important that I have a consensus with my family.

English writing practice 2025-4-18

Last year, I took a Japanese language certification test but unfortunately failed. After examining the scores I got, my biggest weakness was the listening section. Therefore, I decided to attend a Japanese language cram school to enhance my Japanese language.

The Japanese teacher is a language specialist and has great enthusiasm for Japanese. He always encourages students to talk. What’s more, He often gives listening tests. At the beginning of class, I found it hard to speak in Japanese. In addition, it was difficult to understand the sentences in the listening dialogues. Although learning languages is not my strength, I still worked hard. Several months later, I gradually began to understand the dialogues of listening tests. Finally, I could have small talk with classmates.

Although I wanted to pass the Japanese language certification at beginning, I think that enjoying learning is more important now. Learning foreign languages helps me broaden my horizons and understand other cultures. Therefore, I will continue to put effort into studying Japanese.

Gap year

Some people believe that students should take a gap year after finishing high school to travel or work before entering university. Others think it is better to go straight to university. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

 

 

In America, it is common that some students would go travel or do part time jobs for one year before they enroll in university. I think it has advantages and disadvantages.

First, students could expand their horizons by traveling around. In addition, students would meet different kinds of people during jobs. It would help students learn how to interact with kinds of people and deal with negative emotions by doing part time jobs. Students also learn how to learn to cope with pressure in the workplace.On the other hand, students experience a learning gap because of gap year. They have to take half a year to get familiar with their major subject in university.

Even if gap year has disadvantages for students, I think it it is a worthwhile experience. The most important is they should plan their gap year carefully to minimize risks as much as possible.

Some people believe that in the future, all jobs will be done by robots. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Recently, many reports, newspapers, and review journals have concluded that all jobs will eventually be done by robots. I believe this prediction could become a reality in the future. At that time, robots will transform human life across the globe.

Since the 21st century, many scientists and engineers working in large enterprises and emerging technology companies have developed cutting-edge technology, bringing once-fantastical inventions into practical applications across various fields. Artificial intelligence is now at the forefront and is gradually influencing multiple professions. For example, supervisors have to hire secretaries for arranging their schedules and writing documents drafts. However, the innovative AI platform ChatGPT performs far better than human secretaries. For this reason, integrating AI with robotics could reshape the world. In addition, it is crucial that the most great chip manufacture company, TSMC, produces much more speed of calculation. Robots with chips could complete kinds of works.

Robots will replace human labor, reducing job opportunities over time. Humanity must start considering how to adapt to this transformation.

雲林太哥寮

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